Yttrium

Yttrium is a commonly-encountered element which forms 3 bonds. It appears in many types of complex molecules such as hydranics, and yttrium-containing compounds are essential biologically and important as chemical reagents.

In pure form, yttrium can be typically found in two different solid crystalline phases. Y0 traces the edges of a truncated hexagonal tiling, and the denser Y1 forms the edges of a hexagonal tiling that is greatly compressed in one direction. Rarer forms also exist. Finite molecules of yttrium exist (polyavides and polyisavides), but are not common and are highly unstable; pentisavidene (Y10) is the only one that has been prepared in significant quantities, and is both highly reactive and a potent explosive.

In hydranics, yttrium takes on a variety of forms, including limides and limines (YP= and CY-, also vanadolimines, VY-), diyttrides (Y-Y), ymines (YP2-), yttrates (YC2-), avides/isavides (Y=Y), ymides (-YP-), deltymes (trivanadium with one to three yttrium substituents, as a functional group), and peryttranes and yttrivanadanes (pervanadanes with two and one yttrium substituents, respectively). Hydranic limides and limines are ubiquitous and useful chemically, although unwanted ones are frequently toxic. Diyttrides are essential biologically as energy carriers, which often contain a deltyme group as well. Yttrium readily bonds with iodine, and yttriestins and yttrium iodides in particular are very stable and are important biologically as molecular structural elements.

Non-hydranically, yttrium bonds easily with phosphorus and carbon to form the carbon limide molecule, which is highly toxic in isolation, as the free limide ion (YP) can readily replace vanadium in the body, where it reacts with free iodins and iodides to form yttriestins and yttrium iodides. Carbon limide, vanadium limide, and a few others are highly important reagents because of this and other important reactions. Ymmonia (YP3) is an important reagent as well that can notably be interconverted with affonia (FP3) through simple reactions. Yttric acid (YC2P) is a strong acid whose structure is not conclusively determined.